NICER observations reveal that the X-ray transient MAXI J1348−630 is a black hole X-ray binary

Author:

Zhang L1ORCID,Altamirano D1,Cúneo V A23ORCID,Alabarta K14ORCID,Enoto T5,Homan J67,Remillard R A8,Uttley P9,Vincentelli F M1ORCID,Arzoumanian Z10,Bult P10,Gendreau K C10,Markwardt C10,Sanna A11ORCID,Strohmayer T E10,Steiner J F12,Basak A9,Neilsen J13,Tombesi F10141516

Affiliation:

1. Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK

2. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, E-38205 S/C de Tenerife, Spain

3. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 S/C de Tenerife, Spain

4. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands

5. Extreme Natural Phenomena RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

6. Eureka Scientific, Inc., 2452 Delmer Street, Oakland, CA 94602, USA

7. SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands

8. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, MIT, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

9. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands

10. Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

11. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy

12. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

13. Department of Physics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA

14. Department of Physics, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy

15. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

16. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy

Abstract

ABSTRACT We studied the outburst evolution and timing properties of the recently discovered X-ray transient MAXI J1348−630 as observed with NICER. We produced the fundamental diagrams commonly used to trace the spectral evolution, and power density spectra to study the fast X-ray variability. The main outburst evolution of MAXI J1348−630 is similar to that commonly observed in black hole transients. The source evolved from the hard state (HS), through hard- and soft-intermediate states, into the soft state in the outburst rise, and back to the HS in reverse during the outburst decay. At the end of the outburst, MAXI J1348−630 underwent two reflares with peak fluxes approximately one and two orders of magnitude fainter than the main outburst, respectively. During the reflares, the source remained in the HS only, without undergoing any state transitions, which is similar to the so-called ‘failed outbursts’. Different types of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed at different phases of the outburst. Based on our spectral-timing results, we conclude that MAXI J1348−630 is a black hole candidate.

Funder

Royal Society

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Science and Technology Facilities Council

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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