JWST UNCOVER: the overabundance of ultraviolet-luminous galaxies at z > 9

Author:

Chemerynska Iryna1ORCID,Atek Hakim1ORCID,Furtak Lukas J2ORCID,Zitrin Adi2ORCID,Greene Jenny E3,Dayal Pratika4ORCID,Weibel Andrea5ORCID,Fujimoto Seiji6,Kokorev Vasily4,Goulding Andy D7,Williams Christina C89,Nanayakkara Themiya1011ORCID,Bezanson Rachel12,Brammer Gabriel13,Cutler Sam E14,Labbe Ivo9,Leja Joel151617ORCID,Pan Richard18,Price Sedona H12,van Dokkum Pieter19,Wang Bingjie151617ORCID,Weaver John R14ORCID,Whitaker Katherine E1314

Affiliation:

1. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , 98bis Boulevard Arago,, F-75014 Paris , France

2. Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , PO Box 653, Be’er-Sheva 8410501 , Israel

3. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

4. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen , The Netherlands

5. Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

6. Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712 , USA

7. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA

8. NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , Tucson, AZ 85719 , USA

9. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA

10. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne, VIC 3122 , Australia

11. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

12. Department of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260 , USA

13. Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200 , Denmark

14. Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA 01003 , USA

15. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA 16802 , USA

16. Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA 16802 , USA

17. Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA 16802 , USA

18. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University , MA 02155 , USA

19. Astronomy Department, Yale University , 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Over the past year, JWST has uncovered galaxies at record-breaking distances up to z ∼ 13. The JWST UNCOVER (ultra-deep NIRSpec and NIRcam observations before the epoch of reionization) program has obtained ultra-deep multiwavelength NIRCam imaging of the massive galaxy cluster A2744 over ∼45 arcmin2 down to ∼29.5 AB mag. Here, we present a robust ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function derived through lensing clusters at 9 < z < 12. Using comprehensive end-to-end simulations, we account for all lensing effects and systematic uncertainties in deriving both the amplification factors and the effective survey volume. Our results confirm the intriguing excess of UV-bright galaxies (MUV <−20 AB mag) previously reported at z > 9 in recent JWST studies. In particular, a double power-law (DPL) describes better the bright end of the luminosity function compared to the classical Schechter form. The number density of these bright galaxies is 10–100 times larger than theoretical predictions and previous findings based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. Additionally, we measure a star formation rate density of ρSFR = 10−2.64 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 at these redshifts, which is 4–10 times higher than galaxy formation models that assume a constant star formation efficiency. Future wide-area surveys and accurate modelling of lensing-assisted observations will reliably constrain both the bright and the dim end of the UV luminosity function at z > 9, which will provide key benchmarks for galaxy formation models.

Funder

Centre national d'études spatiales

California Earthquake Authority

Bonfils-Stanton Foundation

National Science Foundation

Israel Science Foundation

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

European Commission

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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