A celestial matryoshka: dynamical and spectroscopic analysis of the Albireo system

Author:

Drimmel Ronald1ORCID,Sozzetti Alessandro1ORCID,Schröder Klaus-Peter23,Bastian Ulrich4ORCID,Pinamonti Matteo1ORCID,Jack Dennis2ORCID,Hernández Huerta Missael A2

Affiliation:

1. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10024 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy

2. Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Guanajuato, Callejón de Jalisco S/N, 36023 Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico

3. Sterrewacht Leiden, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands

4. Zentrum für Astronomie (Center for Astronomy), Heidelberg University, Mönchhofstr 14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present a spectroscopic characterization and a new orbital solution for the binary system  β Cyg Aa/Ac (MCA 55), the primary component ( β Cyg A) of the well-known wide double star Albireo. By matching evolutionary tracks to the physical parameters of all three Albireo stars ( β Cyg Aa, Ac, and B) as obtained from a spectroscopic analysis of TIGRE and IUE spectra, we confirm that they are likely coeval. Our final orbit solution is based on radial-velocity measurements taken over a baseline exceeding 120 yr, combined with relative astrometry from speckle interferometric observations and the absolute astrometry from the Hipparcos and Gaia missions. Our final orbit solution has a period of 121.65$^{+3.34}_{-2.90}$ yr with an eccentricity of 0.20$^{+0.01}_{-0.02}$. Thanks to the inclusion of the absolute astrometry, we find a mass ratio of $q = 1.25^{+0.19}_{-0.17}$, and a total mass of $9.47_{-3.24}^{+5.88}$ M⊙, indicating that the secondary (Ac) is the more massive of the pair. These results strongly suggest the presence of a fourth, unseen, member of the Albireo system. Given the current photometric data, it is likely that  β Cyg A is itself a hierarchical triple. We also derive the systemic proper motion, line-of-sight velocity, and an orbital parallax of the  β Cyg A system, allowing us to quantitatively assess the hypothesis that Albireo A and B form a physically bound and genealogically connected system. Finally, we find four potential members of a common proper motion group with Albireo, though none anywhere as close by as the Albireo components A to B.

Funder

European Space Agency

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología

California Department of Fish and Game

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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