Core-collapse supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey: luminosity functions and host galaxy demographics

Author:

Grayling M1ORCID,Gutiérrez C P123ORCID,Sullivan M1ORCID,Wiseman P1ORCID,Vincenzi M14ORCID,Galbany L56ORCID,Möller A7,Brout D8,Davis T M9ORCID,Frohmaier C14ORCID,Graur O4ORCID,Kelsey L14ORCID,Lidman C1011ORCID,Popovic B12,Smith M1ORCID,Toy M1,Tucker B E11,Zontos Z1,Abbott T M C13,Aguena M14ORCID,Allam S15,Andrade-Oliveira F16,Annis J15,Asorey J17,Bacon D4,Bertin E1819ORCID,Bocquet S20,Brooks D21,Carnero Rosell A142223ORCID,Carollo D24,Carrasco Kind M2526ORCID,Carretero J27ORCID,Costanzi M242829,da Costa L N14,Pereira M E S30,De Vicente J17ORCID,Desai S31,Diehl H T15,Doel P21,Everett S32,Ferrero I33ORCID,Friedel D25,Frieman J1534,García-Bellido J35ORCID,Gatti M36,Gruen D20ORCID,Gschwend J1437,Gutierrez G15,Hinton S R9ORCID,Hollowood D L38ORCID,Honscheid K3940,James D J8,Kuehn K4142,Kuropatkin N15,Lewis G F43ORCID,Malik U11,March M36ORCID,Menanteau F2526,Miquel R2744,Morgan R45,Ogando R L C37ORCID,Palmese A46ORCID,Paz-Chinchón F2547,Pieres A1437ORCID,Plazas Malagón A A48ORCID,Rodriguez-Monroy M49,Romer A K50,Roodman A5152,Sanchez E17,Scarpine V15,Sevilla-Noarbe I17,Suchyta E53ORCID,Tarle G16,To C39ORCID,Tucker D L15,Varga T N545556,

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

2. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA) , FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland

3. Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy , FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland

4. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

5. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

6. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE , CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

7. Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Victoria 3122, Australia

8. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

9. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia

10. Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University , ACT 2601, Australia

11. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , ACT 2601, Australia

12. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708, USA

13. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

14. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil

15. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

16. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

17. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas , Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain

18. CNRS , UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France

19. Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France

20. University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

21. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

22. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain

23. Universidad de La Laguna , Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain

24. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

25. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

26. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

27. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

28. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

29. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

30. Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

31. Department of Physics , IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

32. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

33. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo , PO Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

34. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

35. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain

36. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

37. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil

38. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

39. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

40. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

41. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

42. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

43. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics , A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

44. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

45. Physics Department , 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA

46. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

47. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

48. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

49. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Av. Complutense, 22, E- 28040 Madrid, Spain

50. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex , Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK

51. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology , PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

52. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

53. Computer Science and Mathematics Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

54. Excellence Cluster Origins , Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

55. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany

56. Universitäts-Sternwarte , Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the luminosity functions and host galaxy properties of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) core-collapse supernova (CCSN) sample, consisting of 69 Type II and 50 Type Ibc spectroscopically and photometrically confirmed supernovae over a redshift range 0.045 < z < 0.25. We fit the observed DES griz CCSN light curves and K-correct to produce rest-frame R-band light curves. We compare the sample with lower redshift CCSN samples from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). Comparing luminosity functions, the DES and ZTF samples of SNe II are brighter than that of LOSS with significances of 3.0σ and 2.5σ, respectively. While this difference could be caused by redshift evolution in the luminosity function, simpler explanations such as differing levels of host extinction remain a possibility. We find that the host galaxies of SNe II in DES are on average bluer than in ZTF, despite having consistent stellar mass distributions. We consider a number of possibilities to explain this – including galaxy evolution with redshift, selection biases in either the DES or ZTF samples, and systematic differences due to the different photometric bands available – but find that none can easily reconcile the differences in host colour between the two samples and thus its cause remains uncertain.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

MINECO

ERC

CNPq

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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