Unlocking Galactic Wolf–Rayet stars with Gaia DR2 – I. Distances and absolute magnitudes

Abstract

ABSTRACT We obtain distances to 383 Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars from Gaia DR2 parallaxes and Bayesian methods, with a prior based on H ii regions and dust extinction. Distances agree with those from Bailer-Jones et al. for stars up to 2 kpc from the Sun, though deviate thereafter due to differing priors, leading to modest reductions in luminosities for recent WR spectroscopic results. We calculate visual and K-band absolute magnitudes, accounting for dust extinction contributions and binarity, and identify 187 stars with reliable absolute magnitudes. For WR and O stars within 2 kpc, we find a WR/O ratio of 0.09. The distances are used to generate absolute magnitude calibrations and obtain the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram for WR stars. Average vWR-band absolute magnitudes for WN stars range from –3.6 mag (WN3–4) to –7.0 mag (WN8–9ha), and –3.1 (WO2–4) to –4.6 mag (WC9), with standard deviations of ∼0.6 mag. Using H ii region scale heights, we identify 31 WR stars at large (3σ, |z| ≥ 156 pc) distances from the mid-plane as potential runaways accounting for the Galactic warp, of which only four involve WN8–9 stars, contrary to previous claims.