X-ray polarimetry of X-ray pulsar X Persei: another orthogonal rotator?-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

X-ray polarimetry of X-ray pulsar X Persei: another orthogonal rotator?

Published:2023-06-29 Issue:2 Volume:524 Page:2004-2014
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
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Author:

Mushtukov A A¹²^ORCID,Tsygankov S S³^ORCID,Poutanen J³^ORCID,Doroshenko V⁴^ORCID,Salganik A⁵⁶^ORCID,Costa E⁷,Marco A Di⁷^ORCID,Heyl J⁸^ORCID,Monaca F La⁷^ORCID,Lutovinov A A⁶,Mereminsky I A⁶^ORCID,Papitto A⁹,Semena A N⁶,Shtykovsky A E⁶,Suleimanov V F⁴^ORCID,Forsblom S V³^ORCID,González-Caniulef D¹⁰^ORCID,Malacaria C¹¹^ORCID,Sunyaev R A⁶¹²,Agudo I¹³,Antonelli L A¹⁴¹⁵,Bachetti M¹⁶,Baldini L¹⁷¹⁸,Baumgartner W H¹⁹,Bellazzini R¹⁷,Bianchi S²⁰,Bongiorno S D¹⁹,Bonino R²¹²²,Brez A¹⁷,Bucciantini N²³²⁴²⁵,Capitanio F⁷,Castellano S¹⁷,Cavazzuti E²⁶,Chen C-T²⁷,Ciprini S¹⁵²⁸,De Rosa A⁷,Del Monte E⁷,Gesu L Di²⁶,Lalla N Di²⁹,Donnarumma I²⁶,Dovčiak M³⁰,Ehlert S R¹⁹,Enoto T³¹,Evangelista Y⁷,Fabiani S⁷,Ferrazzoli R⁷,Garcia J A³²,Gunji S³³,Hayashida K³⁴,Iwakiri W³⁵,Jorstad S G³⁶³⁷,Kaaret P¹⁹,Karas V³⁰,Kislat F³⁸,Kitaguchi T³¹,Kolodziejczak J J¹⁹,Krawczynski H³⁹,Latronico L²¹,Liodakis I⁴⁰,Maldera S²¹,Manfreda A⁴¹,Marin F⁴²,Marscher A P³⁶,Marshall H L⁴³,Massaro F²¹²²,Matt G²⁰,Mitsuishi I⁴⁴,Mizuno T⁴⁵,Muleri F⁷,Negro M⁴⁶⁴⁷⁴⁸,Ng C-Y⁴⁹,O’Dell S L¹⁹,Omodei N²⁹,Oppedisano C²¹,Pavlov G G⁵⁰,Peirson A L²⁹,Perri M¹⁴¹⁵,Pesce-Rollins M¹⁷,Petrucci P-O⁵¹,Pilia M¹⁶,Possenti A¹⁶,Puccetti S¹⁵,Ramsey B D¹⁹,Rankin J⁷,Ratheesh A⁷,Roberts O J²⁷,Romani R W²⁹,Sgrò C¹⁷,Slane P⁵²,Soffitta P⁷,Spandre G¹⁷,Swartz D A²⁷,Tamagawa T³¹,Tavecchio F⁵³,Taverna R⁵⁴,Tawara Y⁴⁴,Tennant A F¹⁹,Thomas N E¹⁹,Tombesi F²⁸⁵⁵⁵⁶,Trois A¹⁶,Turolla R⁵⁴⁵⁷,Vink J⁵⁸,Weisskopf M C¹⁹,Wu K⁵⁷,Xie F⁷⁵⁹,Zane S⁵⁷

Affiliation:

1. Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH , UK

2. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , NL-2300RA Leiden , the Netherlands

3. Department of Physics and Astronomy , FI-20014 University of Turku , Finland

4. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen , Germany

5. Department of Astronomy, Saint Petersburg State University , Saint-Petersburg 198504 , Russia

6. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Profsoyuznaya Str. 84/32, Moscow 117997 , Russia

7. INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma , Italy

8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada

9. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy

10. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, UPS-OMP, CNRS, CNES , 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346 31028, Toulouse CEDEX 4 , France

11. International Space Science Institute , Hallerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland

12. Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 1, D-85741 Garching , Germany

13. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada , Spain

14. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM) , Italy

15. Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma , Italy

16. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA) , Italy

17. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa , Italy

18. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa , Italy

19. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812 , USA

20. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Roma , Italy

21. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino , Italy

22. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino , Italy

23. INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze , Italy

24. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy

25. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy

26. ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma , Italy

27. Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805 , USA

28. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma , Italy

29. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305 , USA

30. Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, CZ-14100 Praha 4 , Czech Republic

31. RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan

32. California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

33. Yamagata University ,1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan

34. Osaka University , 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan

35. International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University , Chiba 263-8522 , Japan

36. Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 , USA

37. Department of Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky pr. 28, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia

38. University of New Hampshire, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Space Science Center , 8 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824 , USA

39. Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130 , USA

40. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO , FI-20014 University of Turku , Finland

41. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Napoli, Strada Comunale Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli , Italy

42. Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg , UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg , France

43. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

44. Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 , Japan

45. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan

46. University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA

47. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

48. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology , NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

49. Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong

50. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 , USA

51. Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG , F-38000 Grenoble , France

52. Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

53. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC) , Italy

54. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova , Italy

55. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’ , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma , Italy

56. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742 , USA

57. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT , UK

58. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam , the Netherlands

59. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China

Abstract

ABSTRACT X Persei is a persistent low-luminosity X-ray pulsar of period of ≈ 835 s in a Be binary system. The field strength at the neutron star surface is not known precisely, but indirect signs indicate a magnetic field above 1013 G, which makes the object one of the most magnetized known X-ray pulsars. Here we present the results of observations X Persei performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The X-ray polarization signal was found to be strongly dependent on the spin phase of the pulsar. The energy-averaged polarization degree in 3–8 keV band varied from several to ∼20 per cent over the pulse with a phase dependence resembling the pulse profile. The polarization angle shows significant variation and makes two complete revolutions during the pulse period, resulting in nearly nil pulse-phase averaged polarization. Applying the rotating vector model to the IXPE data we obtain the estimates for the rotation axis inclination and its position angle on the sky, as well as for the magnetic obliquity. The derived inclination is close to the orbital inclination, reported earlier for X Persei. The polarimetric data imply a large angle between the rotation and magnetic dipole axes, which is similar to the result reported recently for the X-ray pulsar GRO J1008−57. After eliminating the effect of polarization angle rotation over the pulsar phase using the best-fitting rotating vector model, the strong dependence of the polarization degree with energy was discovered, with its value increasing from 0 at ∼2 keV to 30per cent at 8 keV.

Funder

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Link

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/stad1961/50742236/stad1961.pdf

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