Isotopic abundance of carbon in the DLA towards QSO B1331+170

Author:

Milaković Dinko12,Webb John K345ORCID,Molaro Paolo12ORCID,Lee Chung-Chi5ORCID,Jethwa Prashin6,Cupani Guido12ORCID,Murphy Michael T7ORCID,Welsh Louise12ORCID,D’Odorico Valentina12ORCID,Cristiani Stefano128ORCID,Génova Santos Ricardo910,Martins Carlos J A P1112ORCID,Nunes Nelson J1314,Schmidt Tobias M15ORCID,Pepe Francesco A15,Zapatero Osorio Maria Rosa16,Alibert Yann1718,González Hernández J I910,Di Marcantonio Paolo2ORCID,Palle Enric910,Rebolo Rafael9,Santos Nuno C1219,Sousa Sérgio G12ORCID,Suárez Mascareño Alejandro910ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut, 2, I-34151 Trieste , Italy

2. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131, Trieste , Italy

3. Clare Hall, University of Cambridge , Herschel Rd, Cambridge CB3 9AL , UK

4. Institute of Astronomy , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA , UK

5. Big Questions Institute , Level 4, 55 Holt St., Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW 2010 , Australia

6. Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna , Türkenschanzstraße 17, A-1180, Vienna , Austria

7. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122 , Australia

8. INFN – National Institute for Nuclear Physics , via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste , Italy

9. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

10. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

11. Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto , Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto , Portugal

12. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço , CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto , Portugal

13. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, P-1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal

14. Departamento de Fisica da Faculdade de Cincias da Universidade de Lisboa , Edifcio C8, P-1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal

15. Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

16. Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) , Crta. Ajalvir km 4, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid , Spain

17. Physikalisches Institut, Space Division, Universität Bern , Gesselschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland

18. Center for Space and Habitability, Universität Bern , Gesselschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland

19. Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto , Portugal

Abstract

ABSTRACT Chemical evolution models predict a gradual build-up of 13C in the Universe, based on empirical nuclear reaction rates and assumptions on the properties of stellar populations. However, old metal-poor stars within the Galaxy contain more 13C than is predicted, suggesting that further refinements to the models are necessary. Gas at high-redshift provides important supplementary information at metallicities $-2\lesssim \left[{\rm Fe/H}\right]\lesssim -1$, for which there are only a few measurements in the Galaxy. We obtained new, high-quality, VLT/ESPRESSO observations of the QSO B1331$+$170 and used them to measure 12C/13C in the damped Lyman-$\alpha$ system (DLA) at $z_{\rm abs}=1.776$, with $\left[{\rm Fe/H}\right]$ = −1.27. ai-vpfit, an artificial intelligence tool based on genetic algorithms and guided by a spectroscopic information criterion, was used to explore different possible kinematic structures of the carbon gas. Three hundred independent ai-vpfit models of the absorption system were produced using pre-set 12C/13C values, ranging from 4 to 500. Our results show that ${\rm ^{12}C / ^{13}C}=28.5^{+51.5}_{-10.4}$, suggesting a possibility of 13C production at low metallicity.

Funder

FWF

Australian Research Council

SNF

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

FCT

FSE

MICINN

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

ERDF

European Union

FEDER

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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