Performance and first measurements of the MAGIC stellar intensity interferometer
Author:
Abe S1, Abhir J2, Acciari V A3, Aguasca-Cabot A4, Agudo I5, Aniello T6, Ansoldi S7, Antonelli L A6, Arbet Engels A8, Arcaro C9, Artero M10, Asano K1, Babić A11, Baquero A12, de Almeida U Barres13, Barrio J A12, Batković I9, Bautista A8, Baxter J1, González J Becerra3, Bernardini E9, Bernardos M5, Bernete J14, Berti A8, Besenrieder J8, Bigongiari C6, Biland A2, Blanch O10, Bonnoli G6, Bošnjak Ž11, Burelli I7, Busetto G9, Campoy-Ordaz A15, Carosi A6, Carosi R16, Carretero-Castrillo M4, Ceribella G8, Chai Y8, Cifuentes A14, Colombo E3, Contreras J L12, Cortina J14, Covino S6, D’Amico G17, D’Elia V6, Da Vela P6, Dazzi F6, De Angelis A9, De Lotto B7, de Menezes R18, Del Popolo A19, Delfino M10, Delgado J10, Mendez C Delgado14, Pierro F Di18, Venere L Di20, Prester D Dominis21, Donini A6, Dorner D22, Doro M9, Elsaesser D23, Emery G24, Escudero J5, Fariña L10, Fattorini A23, Foffano L6, Font L15, Fröse S23, Fukami S2, Fukazawa Y25, López R J García3, Garczarczyk M26, Gasparyan S27, Gaug M15, Paiva J G Giesbrecht13, Giglietto N20, Giordano F20, Gliwny P28, Gradetzke T23, Grau R10, Green D8, Green J G8, Günther P22, Hadasch D1, Hahn A8, Hassan T14ORCID, Heckmann L8, Herrera J3, Hrupec D29, Hütten M1, Imazawa R25, Ishio K28, Jiménez Martínez I14, Jormanainen J30, Kayanoki T25, Kerszberg D10, Kluge G W17, Kobayashi Y1, Kouch P M30, Kubo H1, Kushida J31, Láinez M12, Lamastra A6, Leone F6, Lindfors E30, Linhoff L23, Lombardi S6, Longo F7, López-Coto R5, López-Moya M12, López-Oramas A3, Loporchio S20, Lorini A32, Lyard E24, Fraga B Machado de Oliveira13, Majumdar P33, Makariev M34, Maneva G34, Mang N23, Manganaro M21, Mangano S14, Mannheim K22, Mariotti M9, Martínez M10, Martínez-Chicharro M14, Mas-Aguilar A12, Mazin D135, Menchiari S32, Mender S23, Miceli D9, Miener T12, Miranda J M32, Mirzoyan R8, González M Molero3, Molina E3, Mondal H A33, Moralejo A10, Morcuende D5, Nakamori T36, Nanci C6, Neustroev V37, Nickel L23, Rosillo M Nievas3, Nigro C10, Nikolić L32, Nilsson K30, Nishijima K31, Ekoume T Njoh3, Noda K38, Nozaki S8, Ohtani Y1, Okumura A39, Otero-Santos J5, Paiano S6, Palatiello M7, Paneque D8, Paoletti R32, Paredes J M4, Peresano M18, Persic M7, Pihet M9, Pirola G8, Podobnik F32, Moroni P G Prada16, Prandini E9, Principe G7, Priyadarshi C10, Rhode W23, Ribó M4, Rico J10, Righi C6, Sahakyan N27, Saito T1, Satalecka K30, Saturni F G6, Schleicher B22, Schmidt K23, Schmuckermaier F8, Schubert J L23, Schweizer T8, Sciaccaluga A6, Silvestri G9, Sitarek J28, Sliusar V24, Sobczynska D28, Spolon A9, Stamerra A6, Strišković J29, Strom D8, Strzys M1, Suda Y25, Surić T40, Suutarinen S30, Tajima H39, Takahashi M39, Takeishi R1, Temnikov P34, Terauchi K41, Terzić T21, Teshima M81, Truzzi S32, Tutone A6, Ubach S15, van Scherpenberg J8, Acosta M Vazquez3, Ventura S32, Viale I9, Vigorito C F18, Vitale V42, Walter R24, Will M8, Wunderlich C32, Yamamoto T43, Chon G8, Díaz C14, Fiori M44ORCID, Lobo M14, Naletto G9, Polo M14, Rodríguez-Vázquez J J14, Saha P2, Zampieri L44
Affiliation:
1. Japanese MAGIC Group: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, 277-8582 Chiba , Japan 2. ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland 3. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain 4. Universitat de Barcelona , ICCUB, IEEC-UB, E-08028 Barcelona , Spain 5. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada , Spain 6. National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) , I-00136 Rome , Italy 7. Università di Udine and INFN Trieste , I-33100 Udine , Italy 8. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , D-85748 Garching , Germany 9. Università di Padova and INFN , I-35131 Padova , Italy 10. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) , Spain 11. Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER) , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia 12. IPARCOS Institute and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040 Madrid , Spain 13. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) , 22290-180 URCA, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) , Brazil 14. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas , Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid , Spain 15. Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , E-08193 Bellaterra , Spain 16. Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa , I-56126 Pisa , Italy 17. Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen , Norway 18. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Torino and Università degli Studi di Torino , I-10125 Torino , Italy 19. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, University of Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy 20. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , I-70125 Bari , Italy 21. Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Rijeka, Faculty of Physics , 51000 Rijeka , Croatia 22. Universität Würzburg , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany 23. Technische Universität Dortmund , D-44221 Dortmund , Germany 24. University of Geneva , Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland 25. Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 739-8526 Hiroshima , Japan 26. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , D-15738 Zeuthen , Germany 27. Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia , 0019 Yerevan , Armenia 28. Department of Astrophysics , Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, PL- 90-236 Lodz , Poland 29. Croatian MAGIC Group: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics , 31000 Osijek , Croatia 30. Finnish MAGIC Group: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland 31. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Tokai University , Hiratsuka, 259-1292 Kanagawa , Japan 32. Università di Siena and INFN Pisa , I-53100 Siena , Italy 33. Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal , India 34. Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , BG-1784 Sofia , Bulgaria 35. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , D-80805 München , Germany 36. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Yamagata University , Yamagata 990-8560 , Japan 37. Finnish MAGIC Group: Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland 38. Japanese MAGIC Group: Chiba University , ICEHAP, 263-8522 Chiba , Japan 39. Japanese MAGIC Group: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University , 464-6801 Nagoya , Japan 40. Croatian MAGIC Group: Ruđer Bošković Institute , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia 41. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Kyoto University , 606-8502 Kyoto , Japan 42. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Roma Tor Vergata , I-00133 Roma , Italy 43. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Konan University , Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501 , Japan 44. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova , Italy
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In recent years, a new generation of optical intensity interferometers has emerged, leveraging the existing infrastructure of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The MAGIC telescopes host the MAGIC-SII system (Stellar Intensity Interferometer), implemented to investigate the feasibility and potential of this technique on IACTs. After the first successful measurements in 2019, the system was upgraded and now features a real-time, dead-time-free, 4-channel, GPU-based correlator. These hardware modifications allow seamless transitions between MAGIC’s standard very-high-energy gamma-ray observations and optical interferometry measurements within seconds. We establish the feasibility and potential of employing IACTs as competitive optical Intensity Interferometers with minimal hardware adjustments. The measurement of a total of 22 stellar diameters are reported, 9 corresponding to reference stars with previous comparable measurements, and 13 with no prior measurements. A prospective implementation involving telescopes from the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory’s Northern hemisphere array, such as the first prototype of its Large-Sized Telescopes, LST-1, is technically viable. This integration would significantly enhance the sensitivity of the current system and broaden the UV-plane coverage. This advancement would enable the system to achieve competitive sensitivity with the current generation of long-baseline optical interferometers over blue wavelengths.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Cited by
2 articles.
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