SCOTCH − search for clandestine optically thick compact H iis

Author:

Patel A L1ORCID,Urquhart J S1ORCID,Yang A Y23,Moore T J T4,Menten K M5,Thompson M A6,Hoare M G6ORCID,Irabor T6,Breen S L7ORCID,Smith M D1

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Kent , Canterbury, CT2 7NH , UK

2. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 , China

3. Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 , China

4. Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD , UK

5. Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy , Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn , Germany

6. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT , UK

7. School of Physics, Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), University of Sydney , NSW 2006 , Sydney, Australia

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study uses archival high-frequency continuum data to expand the search for Hypercompact H ii regions and determine the conditions at which they appear, as this stage high mass star formation is short-lived and rare. We use 23 GHz continuum data taken towards methanol masers, which are an excellent signpost for very young embedded high-mass protostars. We have searched for high-frequency, optically thick radio sources to identify HC H ii region candidates. The data cover 128 fields that include 141 methanol masers identified by the Methanol Multibeam (MMB) survey. We have detected 68 high-frequency radio sources and conducted a multiwavelength analysis to determine their nature. This has identified 49 H ii regions, 47 of which are embedded in dense clumps fourteen of which do not have a 5 GHz radio counterpart. We have identified 13 methanol maser sites that are coincident with radio sources that have a steep positive spectral index. The majority of these are not detected in the mid-infrared and have been classified as protostellar or young stellar objects in the literature and we therefore consider to be good HC H ii region candidates, however, further work and higher resolution data are needed to confirm these candidates.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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