KURVS: the outer rotation curve shapes and dark matter fractions of z ∼ 1.5 star-forming galaxies

Author:

Puglisi Annagrazia12ORCID,Dudzevičiūtė Ugnė3,Swinbank Mark2ORCID,Gillman Steven45ORCID,Tiley Alfred L26,Bower Richard G278ORCID,Cirasuolo Michele9,Cortese Luca610ORCID,Glazebrook Karl11,Harrison Chris12ORCID,Ibar Edo13,Molina Juan14,Obreschkow Danail615ORCID,Oman Kyle A716ORCID,Schaller Matthieu1718ORCID,Shankar Francesco1ORCID,Sharples Ray M19

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Highfield SO17 1BJ , UK

2. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK

3. Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg , Germany

4. Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Copenhagen , Denmark

5. DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark , Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark

6. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 , Australia

7. Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom

8. Institute for Data Science, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom

9. European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 2, D-86748 Garching b. München , Germany

10. ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia

11. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 , Australia

12. School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , UK

13. Instiuto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso , Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso , Chile

14. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala , Sweden

15. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics , 44 Rosehill Street Redfern, NSW 2016 , Australia

16. Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom

17. Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University , PO Box 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands

18. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands

19. Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present first results from the KMOS Ultra-deep Rotation Velocity Survey (KURVS), aimed at studying the outer rotation curves shape and dark matter content of 22 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.5. These galaxies represent ‘typical’ star-forming discs at z ∼ 1.5, being located within the star-forming main sequence and stellar mass-size relation with stellar masses 9.5 ≤ log(M⋆/M⊙) ≤ 11.5. We use the spatially resolved H α emission to extract individual rotation curves out to 4 times the effective radius, on average, or ∼10–15 kpc. Most rotation curves are flat or rising between three and six disc scale radii. Only three objects with dispersion-dominated dynamics (vrot/σ0 ∼ 0.2) have declining outer rotation curves at more than 5σ significance. After accounting for seeing and pressure support, the nine rotation-dominated discs with vrot/σ0 ≥ 1.5 have average dark matter fractions of $50 \pm 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at the effective radius, similar to local discs. Together with previous observations of star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon, our measurements suggest a trend of declining dark matter fraction with increasing stellar mass and stellar mass surface density at the effective radius. Measurements of simulated EAGLE galaxies are in quantitative agreement with observations up to log$(M_{\star } R_{\rm eff}^{-2} /\mathrm{M_{\odot } kpc^{-2}}) \sim 9.2$, and overpredict the dark matter fraction of galaxies with higher mass surface densities by a factor of ∼3. We conclude that the dynamics of typical rotationally-supported discs at z ∼ 1.5 is dominated by dark matter from effective radius scales, in broad agreement with cosmological models. The tension with observations at high stellar mass surface density suggests that the prescriptions for baryonic processes occurring in the most massive galaxies (such as bulge growth and quenching) need to be reassessed.

Funder

Danish National Research Foundation

Australian Research Council

UK Research and Innovation

European Research Council

STFC

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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