Radial velocity confirmation of a hot super-Neptune discovered by TESS with a warm Saturn

Radial velocity confirmation of a hot super-Neptune discovered by TESS with a warm Saturn–mass companion

Published:2022-12-16 Issue:4 Volume:519 Page:5637-5655
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Knudstrup E¹²^ORCID,Gandolfi D³^ORCID,Nowak G⁴⁵,Persson C M⁶^ORCID,Furlan E⁷^ORCID,Livingston J⁸⁹¹⁰^ORCID,Matthews E¹¹,Lundkvist M S¹^ORCID,Winther M L¹^ORCID,Rørsted J L¹^ORCID,Albrecht S H¹^ORCID,Goffo E³¹²^ORCID,Carleo I⁴,Deeg H J⁴⁵^ORCID,Collins K A¹³^ORCID,Narita N⁴⁸¹⁴^ORCID,Isaacson H⁷¹⁵,Redfield S¹⁶^ORCID,Dai F¹⁷¹⁸^ORCID,Hirano T⁸⁹^ORCID,Akana Murphy J M¹⁹^ORCID,Beard C²⁰^ORCID,Buchhave L A²¹^ORCID,Cary S²²^ORCID,Chontos A²³^ORCID,Crossfield I²⁴,Cochran W D²⁵^ORCID,Conti D²⁶^ORCID,Dalba P A¹⁹²⁷^ORCID,Esposito M¹²^ORCID,Fajardo-Acosta S⁷^ORCID,Giacalone S¹⁵^ORCID,Grunblatt S K²⁸^ORCID,Guerra P²⁹^ORCID,Hatzes A P¹²^ORCID,Holcomb R²⁰^ORCID,Horta F G^ORCID,Howard A W¹⁸^ORCID,Huber D³⁰,Jenkins J M³¹^ORCID,Kabáth P³²,Kane S³³^ORCID,Korth J³⁴^ORCID,Lam K W F³⁵^ORCID,Lester K V³¹^ORCID,Matson R³⁶^ORCID,McLeod K K²²^ORCID,Orell-Miquel J⁴⁵,Murgas F⁴⁵^ORCID,Palle E⁴⁵,Polanski A S²⁴^ORCID,Ricker G³⁷^ORCID,Robertson P²⁰^ORCID,Rubenzahl R¹⁸^ORCID,Schlieder J E³⁸,Seager S³⁷³⁹⁴⁰^ORCID,Smith A M S³⁵^ORCID,Tenenbaum P²⁷³¹^ORCID,Turtelboom E¹⁵^ORCID,Vanderspek R³⁷,Weiss L⁴¹,Winn J²³

Affiliation:

1. Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

2. Nordic Optical Telescope , Rambla José Ana Fernández Pérez 7, E-38711 Breña Baja, Spain

3. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino , via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125, Torino, Italy

4. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

5. Dept. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

6. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden

7. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Caltech/IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

8. Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

9. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

10. Department of Astronomy, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

11. Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51b, CH-1290 Versoix, Suisse, Switzerland

12. Thüringer Landessternwarte , Tautenburg Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

13. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

14. Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

15. Department of Astronomy , 501 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

16. Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , Middletown, CT 06459, USA

17. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

18. Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

19. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

20. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA

21. DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Elektrovej 328, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark

22. Department of Astronomy , Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA

23. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

24. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA

25. Center for Planetary Systems Habitability and McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA

26. American Association of Variable Star Observers , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Suite 410, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

27. SETI Institute , Carl Sagan Center, 339 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA

28. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

29. Observatori Astronòmic Albanyà , Camí de Bassegoda S/N, Albanyà, E-17733, Girona, Spain

30. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

31. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

32. Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Fričova 298, CZ-2516, Ondřejov, Czech Republic

33. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA

34. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Chalmersplatsen 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden

35. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

36. U.S. Naval Observatory , Washington, DC 20392, USA

37. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

38. Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

39. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

40. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

41. Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the discovery and confirmation of the planetary system TOI-1288. This late G dwarf harbours two planets: TOI-1288 b and TOI-1288 c. We combine TESS space-borne and ground-based transit photometry with HARPS-N and HIRES high-precision Doppler measurements, which we use to constrain the masses of both planets in the system and the radius of planet b. TOI-1288 b has a period of $2.699835^{+0.000004}_{-0.000003}$ d, a radius of 5.24 ± 0.09 R⊕, and a mass of 42 ± 3 M⊕, making this planet a hot transiting super-Neptune situated right in the Neptunian desert. This desert refers to a paucity of Neptune-sized planets on short period orbits. Our 2.4-yr-long Doppler monitoring of TOI-1288 revealed the presence of a Saturn–mass planet on a moderately eccentric orbit ($0.13^{+0.07}_{-0.09}$) with a minimum mass of 84 ± 7 M⊕ and a period of $443^{+11}_{-13}$ d. The five sectors worth of TESS data do not cover our expected mid-transit time for TOI-1288 c, and we do not detect a transit for this planet in these sectors.

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Danish National Research Foundation

Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica

University of Turku

Aarhus University

University of Oslo

University of Iceland

Stockholm University

Ames Research Center

California Institute of Technology

National Science Foundation