The SARAO MeerKAT 1.3 GHz Galactic Plane Survey

Author:

Goedhart S12ORCID,Cotton W D13ORCID,Camilo F1,Thompson M A4,Umana G5,Bietenholz M67ORCID,Woudt P A8ORCID,Anderson L D91011,Bordiu C5ORCID,Buckley D A H81213ORCID,Buemi C S5,Bufano F5,Cavallaro F5ORCID,Chen H814,Chibueze J O151617ORCID,Egbo D812,Frank B S181819,Hoare M G4ORCID,Ingallinera A5ORCID,Irabor T4,Kraan-Korteweg R C8,Kurapati S8,Leto P5ORCID,Loru S5,Mutale M4,Obonyo W O20,Plavin A32122ORCID,Rajohnson S H A8ORCID,Rigby A4ORCID,Riggi S5ORCID,Seidu M16,Serra P23,Smart B M2425,Stappers B W26ORCID,Steyn N827ORCID,Surnis M28ORCID,Trigilio C5,Williams G M429ORCID,Abbott T D1,Adam R M130,Asad K M B131,Baloyi T1,Bauermeister E F1,Bennet T G H1,Bester H1,Botha A G1,Brederode L R S130,Buchner S1,Burger J P1,Cheetham T1,Cloete K1,de Villiers M S1,de Villiers D I L32,du Toit L J33,Esterhuyse S W P1,Fanaroff B L1,Fourie D J1,Gamatham R R G1,Gatsi T G1,Geyer M134,Gouws M1,Gumede S C1,Heywood I13536,Hokwana A1,Hoosen S W1,Horn D M1,Horrell L M G137,Hugo B V136,Isaacson A I1,Józsa G I G136,Jonas J L136,Jordaan J D B L1,Joubert A F1,Julie R P M1,Kapp F B1,Kriek N1,Kriel H1,Krishnan V K1,Kusel T W1,Legodi L S1,Lehmensiek R3233,Lord R T12,Macfarlane P S1,Magnus L G12,Magozore C1,Main J P L1,Malan J A1,Manley J R1,Marais S J33,Maree M D J1,Martens A1,Maruping P1,McAlpine K1,Merry B C1,Mgodeli M1,Millenaar R P1,Mokone O J1,Monama T E38,New W S1,Ngcebetsha B136,Ngoasheng K J1,Nicolson G D1,Ockards M T1,Oozeer N13639,Passmoor S S1,Patel A A1,Peens-Hough A1,Perkins S J1,Ramaila A J T136,Ratcliffe S M140,Renil R1,Richter L L136,Salie S1,Sambu N1,Schollar C T G1,Schwardt L C1,Schwartz R L1,Serylak M13041,Siebrits R1,Sirothia S K136,Slabber M J1,Smirnov O M13642,Tiplady A J1,van Balla T J1,van der Byl A1,Van Tonder V1,Venter A J1,Venter M1,Welz M G1,Williams L P1

Affiliation:

1. South African Radio Astronomy Observatory , 2 Fir Street, Observatory 7925, Cape Town , South Africa

2. SKA Observatory , 2 Fir Street, Observatory 7925, Cape Town , South Africa

3. National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA

4. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK

5. INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania , Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania , Italy

6. SARAO/Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory , PO Box 443, Krugersdorp 1740 , South Africa

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University , Toronto, M3J 1P3 Ontario , Canada

8. Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town , Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa

9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV 26506 , USA

10. Adjunct Astronomer at the Green Bank Observatory , PO Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944 , USA

11. Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Chestnut Ridge Research Building , Morgantown, WV 26505 , USA

12. South African Astronomical Observatory , PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town , South Africa

13. Department of Physics, University of the Free State , PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300 , South Africa

14. Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Laboratory , Hangzhou 311100, PR China

15. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa, Cnr Christian de Wet Rd and Pioneer Avenue , Florida Park, 1709 Roodepoort , South Africa

16. Centre for Space Research, Physics Department, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520 , South Africa

17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria , Carver Building, 1 University Road, Nsukka 410001 , Nigeria

18. The Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA), and University of Cape Town , Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa

19. UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ , UK

20. Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Technical University of Kenya , Nairobi, 00200 , Kenya

21. Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute , Profsouznaya str. 84/32, Moscow 117997 , Russia

22. Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University , 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

23. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA , Italy

24. Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA

25. Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield AL10 9AB , UK

26. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK

27. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 , Australia

28. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh , India

29. Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University , Ceredigion, Cymru SY23 3BZ , UK

30. SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank , Lower Withington, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9FT , UK

31. Department of Physical Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh , Bashundhara RA, Dhaka 1229 , Bangladesh

32. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600 , South Africa

33. EMSS Antennas , 18 Techno Avenue, Technopark, Stellenbosch 7600 , South Africa

34. High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Astrophysics Theory (HEPCAT) Group, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa

35. Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH , UK

36. Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140 , South Africa

37. DeepAlert (Pty) Ltd , 12 Blaauwklippen Rd, Kirstenhof 7945, Cape Town , South Africa

38. Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission , 77 Meintjies Street, Sunnyside, Pretoria 0001 , South Africa

39. African Institute for Mathematical Sciences , 6 Melrose Road, Muizenberg 7945 , South Africa

40. Tsolo Storage Systems (Pty) Ltd , 12 Links Drive, Pinelands 7405 , South Africa

41. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, Cape Town 7535 , South Africa

42. INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia , Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna , Italy

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS), a 1.3 GHz continuum survey of almost half of the Galactic Plane (251° ≤l ≤ 358° and 2° ≤l ≤ 61° at |b| ≤ $1{_{.}^{\circ}}5$). SMGPS is the largest, most sensitive, and highest angular resolution 1 GHz survey of the plane yet carried out, with an angular resolution of 8 arcsec and a broad-band root-mean-square sensitivity of ∼10–20 μJy beam−1. Here, we describe the first publicly available data release from SMGPS which comprises data cubes of frequency-resolved images over 908–1656 MHz, power-law fits to the images, and broad-band zeroth moment integrated intensity images. A thorough assessment of the data quality and guidance for future usage of the data products are given. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential of SMGPS by showcasing highlights of the Galactic and extragalactic science that it permits. These highlights include the discovery of a new population of non-thermal radio filaments; identification of new candidate supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae and planetary nebulae; improved radio/mid-infrared classification of rare luminous blue variables and discovery of associated extended radio nebulae; new radio stars identified by Bayesian cross-matching techniques; the realization that many of the largest radio-quiet Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) H ii region candidates are not true H ii regions; and a large sample of previously undiscovered background H i galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

NSF

National Research Foundation

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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