Constraining the LyC escape fraction from LEGUS star clusters with SIGNALS H ii region observations: a pilot study of NGC 628

Author:

Teh Jia Wei123ORCID,Grasha Kathryn234ORCID,Krumholz Mark R23ORCID,Battisti Andrew J23ORCID,Calzetti Daniela5,Rousseau-Nepton Laurie67,Rhea Carter89,Adamo Angela10,Kennicutt Robert C1112,Grebel Eva K13,Cook David O14ORCID,Combes Francoise15,Messa Matteo1016,Linden Sean T5ORCID,Klessen Ralf S117ORCID,Vilchez José M18ORCID,Fumagalli Michele1920ORCID,McLeod Anna2122ORCID,Smith Linda J23,Chemin Laurent24,Wang Junfeng25,Sabbi Elena23,Sacchi Elena26,Petric Andreea23,Bruna Lorenza Della10,Boselli Alessandro27

Affiliation:

1. Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik , Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

2. Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Bart Bok Rd, Stromlo ACT 2611 , Australia

3. ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia

4. Visiting Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

5. Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 , USA

6. Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope , Kamuela, HI 96743 , USA

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Hilo , Hilo, HI 96720-4091 , USA

8. Département de Physique, Université de Montréal , Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada

9. Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ) , Québec, QC G1V 0A6 , Canada

10. The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden

11. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721-0065 , USA

12. George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 , USA

13. Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstr , 12–14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

14. Caltech/IPAC , 1200 E. California Boulevard , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

15. Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, Collège de France , PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University , F-75014 Paris , France

16. Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

17. Universität Heidelberg, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

18. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC) , Gta. de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada , Spain

19. Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy

20. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

21. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE, UK

22. Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE, UK

23. Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

24. Instituto de Astrofisica, Universidad Andres Bello , Fernandez Concha 700 , Las Condes, Santiago RM, Chile

25. Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005 , China

26. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany

27. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES , LAM, Marseille , France

Abstract

ABSTRACT The ionizing radiation of young and massive stars is a crucial form of stellar feedback. Most ionizing (Lyman-continuum; LyC, λ < 912Å) photons are absorbed close to the stars that produce them, forming compact H ii regions, but some escape into the wider galaxy. Quantifying the fraction of LyC photons that escape is an open problem. In this work, we present a seminovel method to estimate the escape fraction by combining broadband photometry of star clusters from the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS) with H ii regions observed by the Star formation, Ionized gas, and Nebular Abundances Legacy Survey (SIGNALS) in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 628. We first assess the completeness of the combined catalogue, and find that 49  per cent of H ii regions lack corresponding star clusters as a result of a difference in the sensitivities of the LEGUS and SIGNALS surveys. For H ii regions that do have matching clusters, we infer the escape fraction from the difference between the ionizing power required to produce the observed H ii luminosity and the predicted ionizing photon output of their host star clusters; the latter is computed using a combination of LEGUS photometric observations and a stochastic stellar population synthesis code slug (Stochastically Lighting Up Galaxies). Overall, we find an escape fraction of ${f}_{\textrm {esc}}= 0.09^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$ across our sample of 42 H ii regions; in particular, we find H ii regions with high fesc are predominantly regions with low $\operatorname{H\alpha }$-luminosity. We also report possible correlation between fesc and the emission lines $\rm [O\, \rm {\small II}]/[N\, \rm {\small II}]$ and $\rm [O\, \rm {\small II}]/H\beta$.

Funder

Australian Research Council

Swedish Research Council

European Research Council

DFG

DLR

Fondazione Cariplo

Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico

NSFC

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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