Quasar feedback survey: molecular gas affected by central outflows and by ∼10-kpc radio lobes reveal dual feedback effects in ‘radio quiet’ quasars

Author:

Girdhar A123ORCID,Harrison C M1ORCID,Mainieri V3ORCID,Fernández Aranda R345,Alexander D M6,Arrigoni Battaia F7ORCID,Bianchin M89,Calistro Rivera G3ORCID,Circosta C1011,Costa T17ORCID,Edge A C6,Farina E P12ORCID,Kakkad D13ORCID,Kharb P14ORCID,Molyneux S J315ORCID,Mukherjee D16ORCID,Njeri A1ORCID,S. Silpa1417,Venturi G1819ORCID,Ward S R123

Affiliation:

1. School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University , Newcastle NE1 7RU , UK

2. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Professor-Huber-Platz 2, D-80539 München , Germany

3. European Southern Observatory , Karl–Schwarzschild–Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München , Germany

4. Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013 Heraklion , Greece

5. Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology , Hellas, Voutes, 70013 Heraklion , Greece

6. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , UK

7. Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik , Karl–Schwarzschild–Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München , Germany

8. Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS , Brazil

9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 , USA

10. European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) , Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28692 Madrid , Spain

11. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK

12. Gemini Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720 , USA

13. Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

14. National Centre for Radio Astrophysics – Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Pune University Campus, Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007 , India

15. Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF , UK

16. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , Post Bag 4, Pune 411007 , India

17. Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción , Concepción 4070386 , Chile

18. Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa , Italy

19. INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze , Italy

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present a study of molecular gas, traced via CO (3–2) from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data, of four z < 0.2, ‘radio quiet’, type 2 quasars (Lbol ∼ 1045.3–1046.2 erg s−1; L$_{\mathrm{1.4\, GHz}}\sim 10^{23.7}\!-\!10^{24.3}$ W Hz−1). Targets were selected to have extended radio lobes (≥ 10 kpc), and compact, moderate-power jets (1–10 kpc; Pjet ∼ 1043.2–1043.7 erg s−1). All targets show evidence of central molecular outflows, or injected turbulence, within the gas discs (traced via high-velocity wing components in CO emission-line profiles). The inferred velocities (Vout = 250–440 km s−1) and spatial scales (0.6–1.6 kpc), are consistent with those of other samples of luminous low-redshift active galactic nuclei. In two targets, we observe extended molecular gas structures beyond the central discs, containing 9–53  per cent of the total molecular gas mass. These structures tend to be elongated, extending from the core, and wrap-around (or along) the radio lobes. Their properties are similar to the molecular gas filaments observed around radio lobes of, mostly ‘radio loud’, brightest cluster galaxies. They have the following: projected distances of 5–13 kpc; bulk velocities of 100–340 km s−1; velocity dispersion of 30–130 km s−1; inferred mass outflow rates of 4–20 M⊙ yr−1; and estimated kinetic powers of 1040.3–1041.7 erg s−1. Our observations are consistent with simulations that suggest moderate-power jets can have a direct (but modest) impact on molecular gas on small scales, through direct jet–cloud interactions. Then, on larger scales, jet-cocoons can push gas aside. Both processes could contribute to the long-term regulation of star formation.

Funder

National Science Foundation

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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