101 eclipsing quadruple star candidates discovered in TESS full frame images

Author:

Kostov Veselin B12ORCID,Powell Brian P1ORCID,Rappaport Saul A3ORCID,Borkovits Tamás4567ORCID,Gagliano Robert8ORCID,Jacobsy Thomas L9ORCID,Jayaraman Rahul3ORCID,Kristiansen Martti H10ORCID,LaCourse Daryll M11ORCID,Mitnyan Tibor12,Omohundro Mark13,Orosz Jerome14,Pál András15,Schmitt Allan R16ORCID,Schwengeler Hans M13,Terentev Ivan A13,Torres Guillermo17ORCID,Barclay Thomas118,Vanderburg Andrew19ORCID,Welsh William14

Affiliation:

1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

2. SETI Institute , 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043 , USA

3. Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

4. Baja Astronomical Observatory of University of Szeged , H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766 , Hungary

5. HUN-REN – SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766 , Hungary

6. Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17 , Hungary

7. ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory , H-9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112 , Hungary

8. Amateur Astronomer , Glendale, AZ 85308 , USA

9. Amateur Astronomer , 12812 SE 69th Place, Bellevue, WA 98006 , USA

10. Brorfelde Observatory , Observator Gyldenkernes Vej 7, DK-4340 Tølløse , Denmark

11. Amateur Astronomer , 7507 52nd Place NE Marysville, WA 98270 , USA

12. ELKH–SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766 , Hungary

13. Citizen Scientist, c/o Zooniverse, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX13RH , UK

14. Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182 , USA

15. Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence , Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest , Hungary

16. Citizen Scientist , 616 W. 53rd St., Apt. 101, Minneapolis, MN 55419 , USA

17. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA, 02138 , USA

18. University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 , USA

19. Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present our second catalogue of quadruple star candidates, containing 101 systems discovered in TESS Full-Frame Image data. The targets were initially detected as eclipsing binary stars with the help of supervised machine learning methods applied to sectors (Sectors 1 through 54). A dedicated team of citizen scientists subsequently identified through visual inspection two sets of eclipses following two different periods. All 101 systems presented here pass comprehensive photocenter motion tests confirming that both sets of eclipses originate from the target star. Some of the systems exhibit prominent eclipse time variations suggesting dynamical interactions between the two component binary stars. One target is an eclipsing quintuple candidate with a (2 + 1) + 2 hierarchical configuration, such that the (2 + 1) subsystem produces eclipses on the triple orbit as well. Another has recently been confirmed as the second shortest period quadruple reported to date. This catalogue provides ephemerides, eclipse depths and durations, sample statistics, and highlights potentially interesting targets for future studies.

Funder

MAST

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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