Multiwavelength periodicity search in a sample of γ-ray bright blazars

Author:

Otero-Santos J12ORCID,Peñil P3,Acosta-Pulido J A12ORCID,Becerra González J12ORCID,Raiteri C M4ORCID,Carnerero M I4,Villata M4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

2. Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Departamento de Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics , Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA

4. INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the results of a long-term periodicity search in a sample of γ-ray blazars within a multiwavelength context. These blazars have been selected from the Steward Observatory sample as part of its optical monitoring program between 2008 and 2018. We study 15 sources with a temporal coverage in their optical total and polarized emission sufficiently large (>9 yr) to perform a reliable long-term periodicity analysis. We collect data from several observatories to extend the coverage, enabling the search of longer periods. In addition, data are also gathered in the high-energy (E > 100 MeV) γ-ray band from the Fermi Large Area Telescope; and in the 15 GHz radio band from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. We identify 5 promising candidates to host quasi-periodic emission, AO 0235+164, PKS 1222+216, Mrk 501, BL Lacertae, and 1ES 2344+514 with periods in one or more bands and statistical significances ∼3σ after trial factor correction. AO 0235+164 shows a period of ∼8.2 yr in the R band; PKS 1222+216 has a quasi-periodic modulation in its total and polarized optical emission of ∼1.6 yr; Mrk 501 displays a ∼5 yr quasi-periodicity in optical and radio wavelengths; BL Lacertae presents a period of ∼1.8 yr in its polarized emission; and 1ES 2344 + 514 shows a hint of a ∼5.5 yr period in its optical R band. We interpret these results in the framework of the most common models and scenarios, namely the presence of a binary supermassive black hole system; or geometrical effects like helical or precessing jets.

Funder

MINECO

MICINN

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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