Affiliation:
1. Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
2. Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Determining the sequence of activation is a major source of information for understanding the electrophysiological mechanism(s) of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the complex morphology of the electrograms hampers their analysis, and has stimulated generations of electrophysiologists to develop a large variety of technologies for recording, pre-processing, and analysis of fibrillation electrograms. This variability of approaches is mirrored by a large variability in the interpretation of fibrillation electrograms and, thereby, opinions regarding the basic electrophysiological mechanism(s) of AF vary widely. Multiple wavelets, different types of re-entry including rotors, double layers, multiple focal activation patterns all have been advocated, and a comprehensive and commonly accepted paradigm for the fundamental mechanisms of AF is still lacking. Here, we summarize the Maastricht perspective and Cleveland perspective regarding AF mechanism(s). We also describe some of the key observations in mapping of AF reported over the past decades, and how they changed over the years, often as results of new techniques introduced in the experimental field of AF research.
Funder
National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Foundation
Health∼Holland
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme PersonalizeAF
Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Netherlands Heart Foundation
Reappraisal of Atrial Fibrillation
Vascular Destabilisation
Progression of AF
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Physiology (medical),Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Cited by
9 articles.
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