Adipose Collagen Fragment: A Novel Adipose-Derived Extracellular Matrix Concentrate for Skin Filling

Abstract

Abstract Background Skin filler is an option for treatment of skin aging and wrinkle formation; however, currently used fillers are limited by poor biocompatibility, rapid degradation, and possible hypersensitivity reactions. However, autologous adipose tissue-derived products have been recognized as promising options for skin rejuvenation. Objectives This study aimed to develop a novel adipose-derived product for skin filling. Methods Adipose collagen fragment (ACF) was prepared through pulverization, filtration, and centrifugation. The macrography, structure, types of collagen, and cell viability of ACF were evaluated by immunostaining, Western blotting, and cell culture assays. ACF, nanofat and phosphate-buffered saline (9 spots/side, 0.01 ml/spot) were intradermally injected in the dorsal skin of 36 female BALB/c nude mice; then, the skin filling capacity and collagen remodeling process were investigated. Twenty-one female patients with fine rhytides in the infraorbital areas were enrolled and received ACF treatment as clinical applications. Therapeutic effects and patients’ satisfaction scores were recorded. Results The ACF yield from 50 ml of Coleman fat was 4.91 ± 0.25 ml. ACF contained nonviable cells and high levels of collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin. Fibroblasts and procollagen significantly increased in ACF and ACF-treated dermis (p < 0.05). 85.7% of patients were satisfied with the therapy results, and no infections, injection site nodules, or other unwanted side effects were observed. Conclusions ACF significantly improved dermal thickness and collagen synthesis and may serve as a potential autologous skin filler.