Biological subtypes and survival outcomes in breast cancer patients with brain metastases in the targeted therapy era

Abstract

Abstract Background There is recognition that breast cancer is a collection of heterogeneous diseases divided in subtypes based on combined molecular features such as hormonal receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. We aimed to study clinical differences among biological subtypes in brain metastasis from breast cancer after targeted therapy introduction. Methods This was a retrospective study with 406 consecutive patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1998 to 2013. Overall, 315 of these patients met the study criteria and were analyzed. Subtypes were classified as HER2-/HR+ (96 patients), HER2+/HR+ (57 patients), HER2+/HR- (63 patients), and triple negative (HER2-/HR-) (99 patients). End points were time to development of brain metastasis (TDBM), brain metastasis-free survival (BMFS), and overall survival from start of treatment of brain metastasis (OSBM). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the data. Results TDBM was 41 months for HER2-/HR+; 58 months for HER2+/HR+; 30 months for HER2+/HR-; and 27 months for triple negative (P < .001). BMFS was 9 months for HER2-/HR+; 24 months for HER2+/HR+; 9 months for HER2+/HR-; and 7 months for triple negative (P = .06). OSBM was 20 months for HER2-/HR+; 22 months for HER2+/HR+; 24 months for HER2+/HR-; and 9 months for triple negative (P < .001). On multivariate analyses, triple negative showed lower OSBM compared with other subtypes, with a hazard ratio of 1.9 (P < .001). Conclusion Comparing all breast cancer subgroups we noticed that HR and HER2 are the most significant biomarkers in brain metastasis behavior. Patients who received targeted therapy had better outcomes, but not in the triple negative group. Prospective studies with different treatment modalities for each subgroup are recommended.