Epidemiological survey of onychomycosis pathogens in Japan by real-time PCR

Author:

Shimoyama Harunari123,Satoh Kazuo24,Makimura Koichi24,Sei Yoshihiro13

Affiliation:

1. Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital

2. Medical Mycology Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University

3. Epidemiological Investigation Committee for Human Mycoses in the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology

4. General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University

Abstract

AbstractIn Japan, an epidemiological survey of onychomycosis pathogens was performed using culture methods; however, the positive culture rate was 40% or less. As part of an epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses in Japan, we overcame this low positive rate by employing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that allowed rapid and accurate detection and identification. In 2011, nail specimens were collected from patients at nine institutes in various prefectures in Japan and diagnosed as onychomycosis. For the detection and identification of the main pathogens causing onychomycosis, we performed real-time PCR using specific TaqMan® MGB probes and primer sets. Of the 496 onychomycosis samples, real-time PCR detected 382 cases (77.0%) caused by Trichophyton rubrum; 74 cases (15.0%) caused by Trichophyton interdigitale; and eight cases (1.6%) caused by Candida albicans. The real-time PCR positive rate was 96.2%. The most frequent pathogen was T. rubrum throughout life, with the number of patients affected peaking in the range of 60 to 69 years of age and no significant differences in the composition of causative pathogens by sex. We were able to detect and identify pathogens from almost all specimens and succeeded in analyzing the pathogens involved in onychomycosis cases in Japan. These data confirmed that our real-time PCR method was effective for detecting and identifying the main fungal pathogens from onychomycosis specimens.

Funder

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,General Medicine

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