Behavior therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy have each been shown by at least two randomized controlled trials, as well as by numerous meta-analytic reports, to be effective psychosocial interventions for patients meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. All three psychosocial treatments have yielded substantial reductions in scores on the two major depression rating scales, significant decreases in percentage of patients meeting depression criteria at posttreatment, and substantial maintenance of effects well after treatment has ended. The data for outcomes of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for major depressive episodes suggest that the two treatment modes are equally efficacious.