Affiliation:
1. Program in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Iowa State University , Ames, IA 50011, USA
2. Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University , Ames, IA 50011, USA
3. Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service , Ames, IA 50011, USA
Abstract
Abstract
The barley MLA nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) receptor and its orthologs confer recognition specificity to many fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, stem-, and stripe rust. We used interolog inference to construct a barley protein interactome (Hordeum vulgare predicted interactome, HvInt) comprising 66,133 edges and 7,181 nodes, as a foundation to explore signaling networks associated with MLA. HvInt was compared with the experimentally validated Arabidopsis interactome of 11,253 proteins and 73,960 interactions, verifying that the 2 networks share scale-free properties, including a power-law distribution and small-world network. Then, by successive layering of defense-specific “omics” datasets, HvInt was customized to model cellular response to powdery mildew infection. Integration of HvInt with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) enabled us to infer disease modules and responses associated with fungal penetration and haustorial development. Next, using HvInt and infection–time–course RNA sequencing of immune signaling mutants, we assembled resistant and susceptible subnetworks. The resulting differentially coexpressed (resistant – susceptible) interactome is essential to barley immunity, facilitates the flow of signaling pathways and is linked to mildew resistance locus a (Mla) through trans eQTL associations. Lastly, we anchored HvInt with new and previously identified interactors of the MLA coiled coli + nucleotide-binding domains and extended these to additional MLA alleles, orthologs, and NLR outgroups to predict receptor localization and conservation of signaling response. These results link genomic, transcriptomic, and physical interactions during MLA-specified immunity.
Funder
Fulbright—Minciencias 2015 & Schlumberger Faculty for the Future
USDA-Agricultural Research Service Postdoctoral Research Associateship
USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture-Education and Literacy Initiative Postdoctoral Fellowship
National Science Foundation—Plant Genome Research Program
USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture
USDA-Agricultural Research Service
National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
National Science Foundation
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Cited by
3 articles.
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