Phylogenetic Network of Mitochondrial COI Gene Sequences Distinguishes 10 Taxa Within the Neotropical Albitarsis Group (Diptera: Culicidae), Confirming the Separate Species Status of Anopheles albitarsis H (Diptera: Culicidae) and Revealing a Novel Lineage, Anopheles albitarsis J

Author:

Motoki Maysa T12,Linton Yvonne-Marie134,Conn Jan E56,Ruiz-Lopez Fredy17,Wilkerson Richard C13

Affiliation:

1. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD

2. Global Health Research, Vysnova Partners Inc., Landover, MD

3. Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution—Natural Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC

4. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD

5. Griffin Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY

6. School of Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY

7. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia

Abstract

Abstract The Neotropical Albitarsis Group is a complex assemblage of essentially isomorphic species which currently comprises eight recognized species—five formally described (Anopheles albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga, An. deaneorum Rosa-Freitas, An. janconnae Wilkerson and Sallum, An. marajoara Galvao and Damasceno, An. oryzalimnetes Wilkerson and Motoki) and three molecularly assigned (An. albitarsis F, G & I)—and one mitochondrial lineage (An. albitarsis H). To further explore species recognition within this important group, 658 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were analyzed from 988 specimens from South America. We conducted statistical parsimony network analysis, generated estimates of haplotype, nucleotide, genetic differentiation, divergence time, and tested the effect of isolation by distance (IBD). Ten clusters were identified, which confirmed the validity of the eight previously determined species, and confirmed the specific status of the previous mitochondrial lineage An. albitarsis H. High levels of diversity were highlighted in two samples from Pará (= An. albitarsis J), which needs further exploration through additional sampling, but which may indicate another cryptic species. The highest intra-specific nucleotide diversity was observed in An. deaneorum, and the lowest in An. marajoara. Significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance was observed only in An. oryzalimnetes and An. albitarsis F. Divergence time within the Albitarsis Group was estimated at 0.58–2.25 Mya, during the Pleistocene. The COI barcode region was considered an effective marker for species recognition within the Albitarsis Group and a network approach was an analytical method to discriminate among species of this group.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Insect Science,General Veterinary,Parasitology

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