Arm heating to relieve Raynaud’s phenomenon in systemic sclerosis: A single-arm multicentre prospective clinical trial

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives Raynaud’s phenomenon, one of the major symptoms of systemic sclerosis (SSc), is difficult to treat. Although it is empirically considered that warming is a beneficial technique, there is no supportive evidence. We conducted a multicentre study to evaluate whether continuous heating of the arm alleviates Raynaud’s phenomenon in SSc. Methods A pair of disposable warmers was applied to the upper arm near the elbow of patients with SSc. Two weeks of non-warmer application were followed by 2 weeks of warmer application, which was repeated twice. The Raynaud Condition Score (RCS), number of episodes, and duration of Raynaud’s phenomenon were recorded. The differences in the mean RCS, frequency, and duration of Raynaud’s phenomenon between the warmer application and non-application periods were analysed. Results Twenty-eight patients were included in the analysis. The average RCS was 1.98 and 2.66 during the warmer application and non-application periods, respectively. The change between the two periods was statistically significant by paired t-test. In addition, the frequency and total duration of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the warmer application period were significantly lower than those in the non-application period. Conclusions Heating of the upper arm near the elbow is effective in alleviating Raynaud’s phenomenon in SSc.