Effectiveness of a New Enzyme-Free Method for the Preparation of a Decellularized Adipose-Derived Matrix

Abstract

Abstract Background Decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM) represents a new alternative to tissue fillers. The function of DAM is closely associated with the decellularization technique used for its preparation. However, most techniques are time-consuming and expensive, and this might reduce the popularity of DAM. Objectives The study aimed to investigate an enzyme-free adipose decellularization method and generate a DAM capable of adipose tissue regeneration. Methods DAMs prepared by the enzyme-free and Flynn's methods were compared and co-cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to investigate cytocompatibility. Adipose tissue formation was evaluated by injecting the DAMs into the backs of nude mice over 4 weeks. Samples were harvested for gross and perilipin immunohistochemistry analysis at 1 and 4 weeks. Results The enzyme-free method is effective for adipose decellularization because it removes adipocytes and preserves the microstructure. In vitro, the DAM made by the enzyme-free method could support the attachment, growth, proliferation, and differentiation of hADSCs, and promote the enhanced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by hADSCs; this DAM also induced the formation and maturity of adipocytes in vivo. Conclusions This study describes a highly effective enzyme-free method for adipose tissue decellularization that also promotes adipocyte formation and adipose tissue volume stability in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a new alternative tissue filler.