Late Presentation With HIV in Africa: Phenotypes, Risk, and Risk Stratification in the REALITY Trial

Author:

Siika Abraham1,McCabe Leanne2,Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa3,Kityo Cissy4,Mallewa Jane5,Berkley Jay6,Maitland Kath6,Griffiths Anna2,Baleeta Keith7,Mudzingwa Shepherd3,Abach James8,Nathoo Kusum3,Thomason Margaret J2,Prendergast Andrew J9,Walker Ann Sarah2,Gibb Diana M2,Mugyenyi P,Kityo C,Musiime V,Wavamunno P,Nambi E,Ocitti P,Ndigendawani M,Kemigisa M,Acen J,Olebo D,Mpamize G,Amone A,Okweny D,Mbonye A,Nambaziira F,Rweyora A,Kangah M,Kabaswahili V,Abach J,Abongomera G,Omongin J,Aciro I,Philliam A,Arach B,Ocung E,Amone G,Miles P,Adong C,Tumsuiime C,Kidega P,Otto B,Apio F,Baleeta K,Mukuye A,Abwola M,Ssennono F,Baliruno D,Tuhirwe S,Namisi R,Kigongo F,Kikyonkyo D,Mushahara F,Okweny D,Tusiime J,Musiime A,Nankya A,Atwongyeire D,Sirikye S,Mula S,Noowe N,Lugemwa A,Kasozi M,Mwebe S,Atwine L,Senkindu T,Natuhurira T,Katemba C,Ninsiima E,Acaku M,Kyomuhangi J,Ankunda R,Tukwasibwe D,Ayesiga L,Hakim J,Nathoo K,Bwakura-Dangarembizi M,Reid A,Chidziva E,Mhute T,Tinago GC,Bhiri J,Mudzingwa S,Phiri M,Steamer J,Nhema R,Warambwa C,Musoro G,Mutsai S,Nemasango B,Moyo C,Chitongo S,Rashirai K,Vhembo S,Mlambo B,Nkomani S,Ndemera B,Willard M,Berejena C,Musodza Y,Matiza P,Mudenge B,Guti V,Etyang A,Agutu C,Berkley J,Maitland K,Njuguna P,Mwaringa S,Etyang T,Awuondo K,Wale S,Shangala J,Kithunga J,Mwarumba S,Said Maitha S,Mutai R,Lozi Lewa M,Mwambingu G,Mwanzu A,Kalama C,Latham H,Shikuku J,Fondo A,Njogu A,Khadenge C,Mwakisha B,Siika A,Wools-Kaloustian K,Nyandiko W,Cheruiyot P,Sudoi A,Wachira S,Meli B,Karoney M,Nzioka A,Tanui M,Mokaya M,Ekiru W,Mboya C,Mwimali D,Mengich C,Choge J,Injera W,Njenga K,Cherutich S,Anyango Orido M,Omondi Lwande G,Rutto P,Mudogo A,Kutto I,Shali A,Jaika L,Jerotich H,Pierre M,Mallewa J,Kaunda S,Van Oosterhout J,O’Hare B,Heydermann R,Gonzalez C,Dzabala N,Kelly C,Denis B,Selemani G,Nyondo Mipando L,Chirwa E,Banda P,Mvula L,Msuku H,Ziwoya M,Manda Y,Nicholas S,Masesa C,Mwalukomo T,Makhaza L,Sheha I,Bwanali J,Limbuni M,Gibb D,Thomason M,Walker AS,Pett S,Szubert A,Griffiths A,Wilkes H,Rajapakse C,Spyer M,Prendergast A,Klein N,Van Looy N,Little E,Fairbrother K,Cowan F,Seeley J,Bernays S,Kawuma R,Mupambireyi Z,Kyomuhendo F,Nakalanzi S,Peshu J,Ndaa S,Chabuka J,Mkandawire N,Matandika L,Kapuya C,Weller I,Malianga E,Mwansambo C,Miiro F,Elyanu P,Bukusi E,Katabira E,Mugurungi O,Gibb D,Hakim J,Etyang A,Mugyenyi P,Mallewa J,Peto T,Musoke P,Matenga J,Phiri S,Lyall H,Johnston V,Fitzgerald F,Post F,Ssali F,Prendergast A,Arenas-Pinto A,Turkova A,Bamford A,

Affiliation:

1. Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya

2. Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, United Kingdom

3. University of Zimbabwe Clinical Research Centre, Harare

4. Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda

5. Department/College of Medicine and Malawi-Liverpool–Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre

6. Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi

7. Joint Clinical Research Centre, Mbale

8. Joint Clinical Research Centre, Gulu, Uganda

9. Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom

Funder

Joint Global Health Trials Scheme

Medical Research Council

PENTA Foundation

University College London

Wellcome Trust

Malawi-Liverpool–Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme

University of Malawi College of Medicine

Kenya Medical Research Institute

Kilifi

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

Reference16 articles.

1. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection;INSIGHT Start Study Group;N Engl J Med,2015

2. A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa;TEMPRANO ANRS Study Group;N Engl J Med,2015

3. Immunodeficiency at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle-, and high-income countries;IeDea and ART Cohort Collaborations;J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr,2014

4. Mortality in patients with HIV-1 infection starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa, Europe, or North America: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies;Boulle;PLoS Med,2014

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