National action plans on antimicrobial resistance in Latin America: an analysis via a governance framework

Author:

Avello Paula1,Collins Lisa M1,Gómez Sonia A2,Luna Federico3,Fernández Miyakawa Mariano E4,West Helen M5,Iossa Graziella6

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds , Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

2. Servicio Antimicrobianos, INEI—ANLIS ‘Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán’ , Buenos Aires CP1281, Argentina

3. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA) , Buenos Aires CP1063, Argentina

4. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA/CONICET) , Buenos Aires CP1686, Argentina

5. School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus , Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK

6. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln , Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK

Abstract

Abstract In 2015, the World Health Assembly adopted a global action plan (GAP) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Member states were encouraged to develop their own national action plans (NAPs) in alignment with the GAP. To-date, in systematic assessments of NAPs, the Latin American specific context has not been previously analysed. Here we examined 11 Latin American NAPs published between 2015 and 2021 using content analysis. We focused on two approaches: (1) alignment between the strategic objectives and actions defined in the GAP, and those outlined in the NAPs via a content indicator; and (2) assessment of the NAPs via a governance framework covering ‘policy design’, ‘implementation tools’ and ‘monitoring and evaluation’ areas. We observed a high alignment with the strategic objectives of the GAP; however, the opposite was observed for the corresponding actions. Our results showed that the governance aspects contained within coordination and participation domains were addressed by every Latin American NAP, whereas monitoring and assessment areas, as well as incorporating the environment, would need more attention in subsequent NAPs. Given that AMR is a global health threat and collective efforts across regions are necessary to combat it, our findings can benefit member states by highlighting how to strengthen the AMR strategies in Latin America, while also supporting global policy formulation.

Funder

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

The UK Department of Health and Social Care as part of the Global AMR Innovation Fund

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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