Similar Limited Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Individuals With HIV and Comparable Controls
Author:
Verburgh Myrthe L123ORCID, Boyd Anders1245, Schim van der Loeff Maarten F125, Bakker Margreet26, Wit Ferdinand W N M124, van der Valk Marc124, Grobben Marloes26, van Pul Lisa27, Tejjani Khadija26, van Rijswijk Jacqueline26, van Gils Marit J26, Kootstra Neeltje A27, van der Hoek Lia26ORCID, Reiss Peter1238, , Reiss P, Wit F W N M, van der Valk M, Boyd A, Verburgh M L, van der Wulp I A J, Vanbellinghen M C, van Eeden C J, Schim van der Loeff M F, Koole J C D, del Grande L, Agard I, Zaheri S, Hillebregt M M J, Ruijs Y M C, Benschop D P, el Berkaoui A, Boyd A, Wit F W N M, Kootstra N A, Harskamp-Holwerda A M, Maurer I, Mangas Ruiz M M, Boeser-Nunnink B D N, Starozhitskaya O S, van der Hoek L, Bakker M, van Gils M J, Dol L, Rongen G, Geerlings S E, Goorhuis A, Hovius J W R, Nellen F J B, Prins J M, van der Poll T, van der Valk M, Wiersinga W J, van Vugt M, de Bree G, Lemkes B A, Spoorenberg V, Wit F W N M, van Eden J, Pijnappel F J J, Weijsenfeld A, Smalhout S, Hylkema - van den Bout I J, Bruins C, Spelbrink M E, Postema P G, Bisschop P H L T, Dekker E, van der Velde N, Franssen R, Willemsen J M R, Vogt L, Portegies P, Geurtsen G J, Visser I, Schadé A, Nieuwkerk P T, van Steenwijk R P, Jonkers R E, Majoie C B L M, Caan M W A, van den Born B J H, Stroes E S G, van Oorspronk S
Affiliation:
1. Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 2. Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 3. Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 4. HIV Monitoring Foundation , Amsterdam , the Netherlands 5. Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 6. Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 7. Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology , Amsterdam , The Netherlands 8. Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Global Health , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little is known about the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infection in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) with vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity. We assessed the incidence of Omicron infection in 209 AGEhIV coronavirus disease 2019 substudy participants with well-controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy and 280 comparable controls, who had received at least the primary vaccination series.
Methods
From September 2020 onward, participants were assessed every 6 months for the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, per SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay or self-reported positive antigen or polymerase chain reaction test. Between 1 January and 31 October 2022, the cumulative incidence of Omicron infection and associated risk factors were estimated using a conditional risk-set Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
The cumulative incidence of a first Omicron infection was 58.3% by 31 October 2022, not significantly different between groups. HIV status was not independently associated with acquiring Omicron infection. Former and current smoking, as well as an increased predicted anti-spike immunoglobulin G titer were significantly associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. The majority of infections were symptomatic, but none required hospitalization.
Conclusions
People with well-controlled HIV and controls in our cohort experienced a similarly high proportion of Omicron infections. More booster vaccinations significantly reduced the risk of infection.
Clinical Trial Registration. NCT01466582
Funder
ViiV Healthcare Aids Fonds Gilead Sciences Janssen Pharmaceuticals Merck Sharp & Dohme
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
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