Correlates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Inpatient Mortality at a Southern California Community Hospital With a Predominantly Hispanic/Latino Adult Population

Abstract

Abstract Background Studies of inpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality risk factors have mainly used data from academic medical centers or large multihospital databases and have not examined populations with large proportions of Hispanic/Latino patients. In a retrospective cohort study of 4881 consecutive adult COVID-19 hospitalizations at a single community hospital in Los Angeles County with a majority Hispanic/Latino population, we evaluated factors associated with mortality. Methods Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory and clinical results, and COVID-19 therapeutics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Cox proportional hazards regression modeled statistically significant, independently associated predictors of hospital mortality. Results Age ≥65 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90–3.72), male sex (HR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.07–1.60), renal disease (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.18–1.95), cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.18–1.78), neurological disease (HR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.41–2.39), D-dimer ≥500 ng/mL (HR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.43–3.0), and pulse oxygen level <88% (HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.13–1.71) were independently associated with increased mortality. Patient household with (1) multiple COVID-19 cases and (2) Asian, Black, or Hispanic compared with White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity were associated with reduced mortality. In hypoxic COVID-19 inpatients, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and convalescent plasma were associated with reduced mortality, and corticosteroid use was associated with increased mortality. Conclusions We corroborate several previously identified mortality risk factors and find evidence that the combination of factors associated with mortality differ between populations.