Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Have Sex With Men: Temporal Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
Author:
Li Jun1, Armon Carl2, Palella Frank J3, Tedaldi Ellen4, Novak Richard M5, Fuhrer Jack6, Simoncini Gina4, Carlson Kimberly2, Buchacz Kate1, Li Jun, Buchacz Kate, Durham Marcus D, Akridge Cheryl, Purinton Stacey, Rayeed Nabil, Agbobil-Nuwoaty Selom, Chagaris Kalliope, Carlson Kimberly, Armon Carl, Battalora Linda, Mahnken Jonathan, Palella Frank J, Jahangir Saira, Flaherty Conor Daniel, Bustamante Patricia, Hammer John, Greenberg Kenneth S, Widick Barbara, Franklin Rosa, Ward Douglas J, Thomas Troy, Stewart Cheryl, Fuhrer Jack, Ording-Bauer Linda, Kelly Rita, Esteves Jane, Tedaldi Ellen M, Christian Ramona A, Ruley Faye, Beadle Dania, Davenport Princess, Novak Richard M, Wendrow Andrea, Mayer Stockton, Scott Mia, Thomas Billie, Van Slyke Loraine, Mayer Cynthia, Beitler Terry, Maroney Karen, Franklin Denise,
Affiliation:
1. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2. Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, Missouri, USA 3. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA 4. Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 5. University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA 6. Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Background
National guidelines recommend that sexually active people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) who are men who have sex with men (MSM) be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection at least annually. Hepatitis C virus testing rates vary by race/ethnicity in the general population, but limited data are available for PWH.
Methods
We analyzed medical records data from MSM in the HIV Outpatient Study at 9 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2019. We excluded observation time after documented past or current HCV infection. We evaluated HCV antibody testing in each calendar year among HCV-seronegative MSM, and we assessed testing correlates by generalized estimating equation analyses.
Results
Of 1829 eligible MSM who were PWH, 1174 (64.2%) were non-Hispanic/Latino white (NHW), 402 (22.0%) non-Hispanic black (NHB), 187 (10.2%) Hispanic/Latino, and 66 (3.6%) of other race/ethnicity. Most were ≥40 years old (68.9%), privately insured (64.5%), with CD4 cell count/mm3 (CD4) ≥350 (77.0%), and with HIV viral load <200 copies/mL (76.9%). During 2011–2019, 1205 (65.9%) had ≥1 HCV antibody test and average annual HCV percentage tested was 30.3% (from 33.8% for NHB to 28.5% for NHW; P < .001). Multivariable factors positively associated (P < .05) with HCV testing included more recent HIV diagnosis, public insurance, lower CD4, prior chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, or hepatitis B virus diagnoses, and elevated liver enzyme levels, but not race/ethnicity.
Conclusions
Although we found no disparities by race/ethnicity in HCV testing, low overall HCV testing rates indicate suboptimal uptake of recommended HCV testing among MSM in HIV care.
Funder
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Oncology
Cited by
2 articles.
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