The role of the X chromosome in infectious diseases

Author:

Hay Megan,Kumar Vinod,Ricaño-Ponce IsisORCID

Abstract

Abstract Many infectious diseases in humans present with a sex bias. This bias arises from a combination of environmental factors, hormones and genetics. In this study, we review the contribution of the X chromosome to the genetic factor associated with infectious diseases. First, we give an overview of the X-linked genes that have been described in the context of infectious diseases and group them in four main pathways that seem to be dysregulated in infectious diseases: nuclear factor kappa-B, interleukin 2 and interferon γ cascade, toll-like receptors and programmed death ligand 1. Then, we review the infectious disease associations in existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the GWAS Catalog and the Pan-UK Biobank, describing the main associations and their possible implications for the disease. Finally, we highlight the importance of including the X chromosome in GWAS analysis and the importance of sex-specific analysis.

Funder

ZonMw

European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,General Medicine

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