Accelerated Immunodeficiency-associated Vaccine-derived Poliovirus Serotype 3 Sequence Evolution Rate in an 11-week-old Boy With X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure

Author:

Jallow Sabelle1ORCID,Wilmshurst Jo M2,Howard Wayne1,Copelyn Julie34,Seakamela Lerato1,Chan Koon-Wing5,Sebunya Robert2,Sibiya Rosinah1,Du Plessis Heleen1,Jacobs Charlene6,Berkowitz Natacha7,Blumberg Lucille8,McCarthy Kerrigan9,Maseti Elizabeth10,Kamupira Mercy11,Dlamini Nonhlanhla10,Gumede Nicksy12,Diop Ousmane M13,Lau Yu Lung5,Moonsamy Shelina1,Eley Brian34,Suchard Melinda114

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg

2. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa

3. Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa

4. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa

5. Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China

6. Division of Public Health, Surveillance and Response, Department of Health, Provincial Government of the Western Cape, Cape Town

7. Department of City Health, Social Services Directorate, Cape Town

8. Public Health Surveillance and Response Division, Johannesburg

9. Outbreak Response Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg

10. Child, Youth and School Health, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa

11. World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Pretoria, South Africa

12. WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

13. Polio Department, WHO Strategic Initiatives Cluster, Geneva, Switzerland

14. Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Abstract

Abstract Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies are risk factors for the generation of vaccine-derived polioviruses. We report immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus serotype 3 in an 11-week-old boy with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Unique characteristics of this case include early age of presentation, high viral evolutionary rate, and the child’s perinatal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus.

Funder

NICD

World Health Organization

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

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