Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter in backyard and commercial broiler production systems in the United States

Author:

Parzygnat Jessica L1,Dunn Robert R2,Koci Matthew D3,Crespo Rocio1,Harden Lyndy1,Thakur Siddhartha1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine , Raleigh, NC , USA

2. Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA

3. Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Campylobacter spp. are one of the leading foodborne pathogens in the world, and chickens are a known reservoir. This is significant considering broiler chicken is the top consumed meat worldwide. In the USA, backyard poultry production is increasing, but little research has been done to investigate prevalence and antimicrobial resistance associated with Campylobacter in these environments. Methods Our study encompasses a farm-to-genome approach to identify Campylobacter and investigate its antimicrobial resistance phenotypically and genotypically. We travelled to 10 backyard and 10 integrated commercial broiler farms to follow a flock throughout production. We sampled at days 10, 31 and 52 for backyard and 10, 24 and 38 for commercial farms. Bird faecal (n = 10) and various environmental samples (soil n = 5, litter/compost n = 5, and feeder and waterer swabs n = 6) were collected at each visit and processed for Campylobacter. Results Our results show a higher prevalence of Campylobacter in samples from backyard farms (21.9%) compared to commercial (12.2%). Most of our isolates were identified as C. jejuni (70.8%) and the remainder as C. coli (29.2%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing reveals phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin (40.2%), an important treatment drug for Campylobacter infection, and tetracycline (46.6%). A higher proportion of resistance was found in C. jejuni isolates and commercial farms. Whole-genome sequencing revealed resistance genes, such as tet(O) and gyrA_T86I point mutation, that may confer resistance. Conclusion Overall, our research emphasizes the need for interventions to curb prevalence of resistant Campylobacter spp. on broiler production systems.

Funder

USDA

NIFA

SAS

FDA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Reference82 articles.

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