Impact of a sustained, collaborative antimicrobial stewardship programme in spinal cord injury patients

Abstract

Abstract Background In patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and hospital admission. Objectives This study evaluated the long-term impact of a weekly, multidisciplinary Spinal/Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) meeting for acute-care SCI inpatients, on antimicrobial prescribing over 3 years. Methods A retrospective, longitudinal, pre-post comparison of antimicrobial prescribing was conducted at our tertiary hospital in Melbourne. Antimicrobial prescribing was audited in 6 month blocks pre- (25 April 2017 to 24 October 2017), immediately post- (27 March 2018 to 25 September 2018) and 3 years post-implementation (2 March 2021 to 31 August 2021). Antimicrobial orders for patients admitted under the spinal unit at the meeting time were included. Results The number of SCI patients prescribed an antimicrobial at the time of the weekly meeting decreased by 40% at 3 years post-implementation [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.63; 95% CI 0.51–0.79; P ≤ 0.001]. The overall number of antimicrobial orders decreased by over 22% at 3 years post-implementation (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61–1.00; P = 0.052). A shorter antimicrobial order duration in the 3 year post-implementation period was observed (−28%; 95% CI −39% to −15%; P ≤ 0.001). This was most noticeable in IV orders at 3 years (−36%; 95% CI −51% to −16%; P = 0.001), and was also observed for oral orders at 3 years (−25%; 95% CI −38% to −10%; P = 0.003). Antimicrobial course duration (days) decreased for multiple indications: skin and soft tissue infections (−43%; 95% CI −67% to −1%; P = 0.045), pulmonary infections (−45%; 95% CI −67% to −9%; P = 0.022) and urinary infections (−31%; 95% CI −47% to −9%; P = 0.009). Ninety-day mortality rates were not impacted. Conclusions This study showed that consistent, collaborative meetings between the Spinal and AMS teams can reduce antimicrobial exposure for acute-care SCI patients without adversely impacting 90 day mortality.