Transgenerational exposure to deoxygenation and warming disrupts mate detection in Gammarus locusta

Author:

Pereira Beatriz P1ORCID,Neff Simon12ORCID,Borges Francisco O1ORCID,Otjacques Eve13,Barreto Guilherme1,Ranucci Maddalena1,Court Mélanie1,Rosa Rui14,Repolho Tiago14,Paula José Ricardo145ORCID

Affiliation:

1. MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais , Portugal

2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne , Germany

3. Carnegie Institution for Science, Division of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Church Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

4. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal

5. Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i , 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, HI 96744 , USA

Abstract

Abstract Ocean deoxygenation and warming have been shown to pose a growing threat to the health of marine organisms and ecosystems. Yet, the potential for acclimation and adaptation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transgenerational exposure to reduced oxygen availability and elevated seawater temperature on the chemosensory-dependent mating mechanisms of male amphipods Gammarus locusta. Three subsequent generations were exposed to four experimental treatments for 30 days: 1) present-day scenario, 2) warming; 3) deoxygenation; and 4) warming + deoxygenation. After exposure, the number of individuals that reached adulthood was gauged, and adult males from F0 and F1 were subjected to behavioral trials to assess their capacity of long-distance female cue detection through quantification of response time, the first direction of movement, activity rate, and proportion of time spent in female scent cues. Ocean warming induced mortality, and reduced oxygen availability had adverse effects on each of the investigated behavioral traits, which were amplified when combined with elevated temperature. Still, when compared with F0, the F1 generation demonstrated more adaptability (i.e., higher activity rate and preference for female odors) to the combination of the two stressors, suggesting positive carry-over effects. Nevertheless, full recovery to control levels was not observed. Altogether, this study indicates that future scenarios of ocean deoxygenation and warming have the potential to disrupt chemosensory-dependent mate detection in amphipods, but also suggests possible behavioral adaptations. We call for greater research efforts on long-term impacts of ocean change on the behavioral and physiological processes of benthic coastal communities.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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