Any development initiative in the energy sector will not only consider the legal framework for attracting such investment but the dispute resolution mechanisms also. Conventionally, the dispute resolution mechanism usually offered is litigation through the courts. However, it has become clear that no foreign investor would like to be restricted to fora like litigation without other alternatives. This chapter examines the role that law plays in the enablement and empowerment of the world’s energy poor with particular focus on Africa; the various dispute resolution mechanisms; and the legal framework for arbitration in Africa states to determine whether the arbitration laws enhance or impede access to energy. The chapter also considers whether arbitration laws and other instruments are stimulants for inward investment into the energy sector and concludes that if arbitration is to serve this purpose the contracts and treaties should be properly negotiated and clauses on arbitration professionally drafted.