Our population is aging and consequently there is an increasing incidence of dementia. With no cure to date, there is an urgent need for the development of therapies that can alleviate symptoms of dementia and ensure optimal well-being for people with dementia and their carers. There is accumulating evidence that music is an effective nonpharmacological treatment for various symptoms of dementia. In its various forms, music (as a formal therapy or informal activity) engages widespread brain regions and in doing so can promote numerous benefits, including triggering memories, enhancing relationships, reducing agitation, and alleviating depression and anxiety. This book outlines the current research on music and dementia, from internationally renowned experts in music therapy, music psychology, and clinical neuropsychology.