Biruni’s Encore

Abstract

Abstract This chapter tackles the uncertainty in Biruni's life in Ghazni after Mahmud fired his long-serving vizier who quietly protected Biruni. It expounds on the conflict between Muhammad and Masud after their father's health plummeted and triggered fear in the capital. Biruni, after his life improved under Masud's rule, dedicated Masud's Canon and India to Masud. The chapter acknowledges Biruni's highest official function to serve as court astrologer in Ghazni, which led to the advancement of astronomy as an independent science. It notes the correlation between the decline of Biruni's health and Masud's empire. Biruni remains to be an optimist and continued to conduct research until he took his final breath.