Farming of crustaceans especially shrimp, crabs and crayfish have expanded significantly over the past four decades. The aquaculture production of crustaceans is now a multimillion-dollar industry providing jobs to millions of people around the world especially in countries with large coastal boundaries in Asia and Latin America. Crustacean farming is largely dominated by penaeid shrimp aquaculture. The emergence of infectious diseases especially diseases of viral origin has been a threat to this nascent industry. Many viruses that affect penaeid shrimp have been relatively well characterised due to their economic importance. These include viruses with single-stranded DNA containing genomes such as Infectious Hypodermal, and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus, and Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (family: Parvoviridae), double stranded DNA viruses such as white spot syndrome virus (family: Nimaviridae), Penaeus monodon nudivirus (Family: Nudiviridae), Decapod iridescent virus 1 (family: Iridoviridae), and Baculovirus penaei (tentatively classified in the family: Baculoviridae), single-stranded RNA viruses such as Taura syndrome virus (family: Dicistroviridae), yellow head, and Gill-associated viruses (family: Roniviridae), and Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus (family: Nodaviridae), and double-stranded RNA virus such as infectious myonecrosis virus (Totiviridae-like). White spot syndrome virus is of major concern as the virus has a wide host range and poses a threat to wild and farmed populations of decapod crustacean species, with multiple species showing differing levels of susceptibility. Viral infections have been reported in wild crustacean species including those which are commercially exploited. However, in comparison to cultured species relatively little is known about the effects of viruses in wild crustaceans.