Conclusion

Abstract

AbstractThis concluding chapter argues that even as the moral commitment to equality appears to have taken hold, the realization of substantive equality among citizens and residents of democratic states remains out of reach for too many. For all their commitment to inclusion, democracies engage in extensive exclusion and offer a range of justifications for doing so. Full inclusion into a state and society must track subjection to state power or else that subjection is unjust. Because subjection demands inclusion and precludes exclusion, the theoretical and policy analysis must then shift to determining clear standards for when someone is properly considered to be subjected. States may differ, within reason, on exactly where they draw the line.