Abstract
AbstractBecause of their high carbon content, coals are, in a sense, carbon materials. Coals can provide an array of carbon products used as materials rather than as not fuels, and having much greater value than the parent coal. Activated carbons have extensive applications in separating impurities from useful products. They can be made from coals or from unburned carbon in fly ash. Graphite has numerous applications, including anodes for the near-ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries. Batteries are crucial for energy storage in solar and wind systems. An alternative, carbon supercapacitors, can be made from coals. Graphene, a two-dimensional material that could replace silicon in some electronic applications, can be made from coals. Carbon fiber composites, which could be made from coal products, could be used for wind-turbine blades. Nanotubes and carbon dots can be made from coals. These possibilities offer the prospect of using carbon materials from coals to fabricate the infrastructure of the renewable energy industry.
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