The Wisdom of Nature: An Evolutionary Heuristic for Human Enhancement

Abstract

Abstract Human beings are a marvel of evolved complexity. Such systems can be difficult to enhance. When we manipulate complex evolved systems, which are poorly understood, our interventions often fail or backfire. It can appear as if there is a ‘ ‘wisdom of nature ‘ ‘ which we ignore at our peril. Sometimes the belief in nature ‘s wisdom— and corresponding doubts about the prudence of tampering with nature, especially human nature— manifest as diffusely moral objections against enhancement. Such objections may be expressed as intuitions about the superiority of the natural or the troublesomeness of hubris, or as an evaluative bias in favor of the status quo. This chapter explores the extent to which such prudence-derived anti-enhancement sentiments are justifled.