Can Sages Be Wrong?

Abstract

AbstractThis chapter traces the history of the canonization of Kongzi as an example of sages. It then investigates related debates about the perfection of sages in Chinese history. It argues for the fallibility of the teachings of Confucian sages and contrasts it with strategies for tackling similar issues in monotheistic traditions. This chapter shows that this fallibility of Confucian sages marks a significant difference between Confucianism and monotheistic traditions when it comes to reforming traditions in our times and that the fallibility of Confucian sages allows us to better assess classic texts and to renew Confucianism for contemporary society.