This chapter covers noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and other chronic disorders. Mortality for these diseases is often increased during war because of disruption of healthcare, damage to other civilian infrastructure, and population displacement. The chapter provides information on increased cancer mortality as a result of war, citing mainly the studies of cancer in atomic bomb survivors, people residing downwind of atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, and workers in the nuclear weapons industry. The chapter also describes the challenges that cancer patients face in receiving treatment during war. The chapter cites studies showing associations between war-related exposures and cardiovascular disease. Finally, the chapter discusses ways of addressing noncommunicable diseases, including better training of health professionals, patient education, and systems to ensure continuity of care and provision of essential medications for prevalent noncommunicable diseases.