With an aging and growing population and improved early detection and survival following diagnosis in the United States, the number of cancer survivors and prevalence of survivorship are expected to increase. Based on population trends, national expenditures for cancer care are projected to increase from $124.6 billion in 2010 to $157.8 billion in 2020. This chapter describes the economic burden of cancer, including direct costs, resulting from the use of resources for medical care for cancer; indirect costs, resulting from the loss of economic resources and opportunities associated with morbidity and mortality due to cancer and its treatment; and psychosocial or intangible costs, such as pain and suffering. Consistent with the intensity of treatment for initial care, recurrence, and end-of-life care, costs are highest in the initial period following diagnosis and, among patients who die from their disease, at the end of life, following a U-shaped curve.