In 2015, the United Nations General assembly adopted a set of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), including goals to further reduce poverty, hunger and inequality and to improve education, health, cities, economic wellbeing, environmental conditions and access to water and energy. Science, technology and innovation (STI) will play critical roles if these connected SDGs are to be achieved. This book provides an interdisciplinary lens to understand the potential roles and contributions of STI in meeting the SDGs, and the challenges and requirements for that to occur. Its three main sections address these issues for energy and environment, health, and agriculture. In 26 chapters by 71 authors from 18 countries, the book covers a multitude of pressing problems and current opportunities, with an emphasis on the role of STI in developing countries. It focuses on stakeholder involvement in successful application of STI and SDGs. It also offers recommendations to policymakers and practitioners on how STI can be harnessed to deliver the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the SDGs.