Traditionally, corporate governance is about agency problems caused by the division of ownership and control. This chapter moves beyond this understanding. Starting with a theoretical overview, the chapter reviews different approaches to corporate governance and discusses shareholder primacy in light of the increasing demand for corporate social responsibility. Afterwards, a brief history of the development of corporate governance codes is given, followed by the role of corporate governance during the global financial crisis. Different corporate governance mechanisms, such as independent directors, board composition, and member diversity, as well as executive remuneration are subsequently discussed. Problems specific to corporate governance of technology companies are also highlighted, as well as the lessons Germany’s co-determination law can teach for the understanding of board diversity. The chapter concludes with a brief reflection on shareholder primacy, a diversifying corporate world, and the future of corporate governance codes.