This is the tale of the twin doctrines of EU primacy and EU pre-emption. Like Herakles and Iphicles, they have had different fortunes: the former has been elevated to immortality by countless scholarly contributions and a myriad of pages of the European Court Reports, the latter—except for its external dimension—still lies in obscurity, largely neglected by legal literature and only as of late mentioned by a few Advocates-General.