This book, based on laboratory, teaching and field experience, has a strong focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks, from both the continental crust worldwide, where quartz and granites are dominant, and the mantle dominated by olivine in peridotites. With more than 250 figures, most of them original, the book develops, in addition to classical structural geology objects, the fundamentals of brittle fracturing of materials, plastic deformation of ice, quartz and olivine, and fabric acquisition in rocks and magmas. Measurement and orientation of stress axes, bases of neotectonics and geophysics, and practical tools such as magnetic fabrics not commonly treated in geological books, are also provided. Emblematic tectonic and geodynamic sites are presented, both from the oceanic and continental crust, for instance the Oman ophiolites, and the India-Eurasia collision and its associated shear zones. Since the targeted readers are present-day young students, a few structural geology exercises are also included in order to improve their abilities.