Could Gender-Related Norms Predict Compliance With COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors?

Abstract

Abstract Current reports, in almost all countries, highlight that men of all ages are more likely than women to contract and die from COVID-19. This gender pattern was also apparent in the previous pandemics of sever acute respiratory disease (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Moreover, men engage in fewer preventive health behaviors, which in turn increases their risk of disease and death. These observations suggest that the factors that increase men’s adoption of preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic should be investigated. One of the most important factors influencing people’s willingness to comply with COVID-19 guidelines is shared norms. In this respect, the chapter suggests that masculine norms and patriarchal values affect risk-avoidant health behaviors among men. In doing so, it utilizes the focus theory of normative conduct, social identity approach, and social role theory to explain how masculine norms and values influence health behaviors. Lessons learned and future research needed are discussed.